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Cyperaceae taxon details

Carex nigra (L.) Reichard

To NHMUK collection (Carex nigra (L.) Reichard; Type; NHMUK:ecatalogue:1914435)
To NHMUK collection (Carex nigra (L.) Reichard; Type; NHMUK:ecatalogue:1914435)

993791  (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:993791)

  1. Biota
  2. Plantae (Kingdom)
  3. Viridiplantae (Subkingdom)
  4. Streptophyta (Infrakingdom)
  5. Tracheophyta (Phylum (Division))
  6. Spermatophytina (Subphylum (Subdivision))
  7. Magnoliopsida (Class)
  8. Lilianae (Superorder)
  9. Poales (Order)
  10. Cyperaceae (Family)
  11. Cariceae (Tribe)
  12. Carex (Genus)
  13. Carex subg. Carex (Subgenus)
  14. Carex sect. Phacocystis (Section)
  15. Carex nigra (Species)
accepted
Species

Ordering

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Children Display

  1. Subspecies Carex nigra subsp. intricata (Tineo ex Guss.) Rivas Mart.
  2. Subspecies Carex nigra subsp. juncea (Fr.) Soó
  3. Subspecies Carex nigra subsp. nigra
  4. Subspecies Carex nigra subsp. transcaucasica (T.V.Egorova) Jim.Mejías, G.E.Rodr.-Pal., Amini Rad & Martín-Bravo
  5. Forma Carex nigra f. abbreviata (Peterm.) Soó accepted as Carex nigra subsp. nigra
  6. Forma Carex nigra f. badia (Sanio) Soó accepted as Carex nigra subsp. nigra
  7. Forma Carex nigra f. bina (Schkuhr) Asch. & Graebn. accepted as Carex distachya var. distachya Desf.
  8. Forma Carex nigra f. densicarpa (Kneuck.) Soó accepted as Carex nigra subsp. nigra
  9. Forma Carex nigra f. leucolepis (Meinsh.) Soó accepted as Carex nigra subsp. nigra
  10. Forma Carex nigra f. microstachys (Zapał.) Soó accepted as Carex nigra subsp. nigra
  11. Forma Carex nigra f. pleiandra (Kük.) Soó accepted as Carex nigra subsp. nigra
  12. Forma Carex nigra f. ramosa (Peterm.) Soó accepted as Carex nigra subsp. nigra
  13. Forma Carex nigra f. roussioei (H.Lév.) Soó accepted as Carex nigra subsp. nigra
  14. Forma Carex nigra f. silvatica (Russow ex E.Lehm.) Soó accepted as Carex nigra subsp. nigra
  15. Forma Carex nigra f. stenostachya (Uechtr. ex Asch. & Graebn.) Soó accepted as Carex nigra subsp. nigra
  16. Forma Carex nigra f. subfastigiata (Schur) Soó accepted as Carex nigra subsp. nigra
  17. Forma Carex nigra f. subovalis (Kneuck.) Soó accepted as Carex nigra subsp. nigra
  18. Forma Carex nigra f. subramosa (Meinsh.) Soó accepted as Carex nigra subsp. nigra
  19. Forma Carex nigra f. subsetacea (Kük.) Soó accepted as Carex nigra subsp. nigra
  20. Forma Carex nigra f. tenuis (Peterm.) Soó accepted as Carex nigra subsp. nigra
  21. Subspecies Carex nigra subsp. alpina (Gaudin) Lemke accepted as Carex nigra subsp. nigra (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
  22. Subspecies Carex nigra subsp. broterana (Samp.) Rivas Mart. accepted as Carex reuteriana subsp. reuteriana
  23. Subspecies Carex nigra subsp. carpetana C.Vicioso ex Rivas Mart. accepted as Carex nigra (L.) Reichard
  24. Subspecies Carex nigra subsp. chlorogona Chatenier accepted as Carex parviflora Host
  25. Subspecies Carex nigra subsp. dacica (Heuff.) Soó accepted as Carex dacica Heuff.
  26. Subspecies Carex nigra subsp. distachya (Nyman) K.Richt. accepted as Carex atrata subsp. atrata L.
  27. Subspecies Carex nigra subsp. drukyulensis Noltie accepted as Carex drukyulensis (Noltie) Jim.Mejías & Noltie
  28. Subspecies Carex nigra subsp. iberica Rivas Mart. accepted as Carex nigra subsp. nigra
  29. Subspecies Carex nigra subsp. juncella (Fr.) Lemke accepted as Carex nigra subsp. juncea (Fr.) Soó
  30. Subspecies Carex nigra subsp. juncella Á.Löve & D.Löve accepted as Carex juncella T.M.Fries accepted as Carex nigra subsp. juncea (Fr.) Soó
  31. Subspecies Carex nigra subsp. obesa (All.) H.P.Fuchs ex Janch. accepted as Carex nigra subsp. alpina (Gaudin) Lemke accepted as Carex nigra subsp. nigra
  32. Subspecies Carex nigra subsp. obesa (All.) Janch. accepted as Carex nigra subsp. alpina (Gaudin) Lemke accepted as Carex nigra subsp. nigra
  33. Subspecies Carex nigra subsp. recta (F.Fleisch.) Rothm. accepted as Carex nigra subsp. nigra
  34. Subspecies Carex nigra subsp. tornata (Fr.) Rothm. accepted as Carex nigra subsp. nigra
  35. Subspecies Carex nigra subsp. turfosa (Fr.) Podlech accepted as Carex turfosa Fr. represented as Carex ×turfosa Fr.
  36. Subspecies Carex nigra subsp. wiluica (Meinsh. ex Maack) Á.Löve & D.Löve accepted as Carex nigra subsp. juncea (Fr.) Soó
  37. Variety Carex nigra var. alpicola Beck accepted as Carex nigra subsp. alpina (Gaudin) Lemke accepted as Carex nigra subsp. nigra
  38. Variety Carex nigra var. bina (Schkuhr) Rouy accepted as Carex distachya var. distachya Desf.
  39. Variety Carex nigra var. chlorogona (Chatenier) Rouy accepted as Carex parviflora Host
  40. Variety Carex nigra var. distachya Nyman accepted as Carex atrata subsp. atrata L.
  41. Variety Carex nigra var. juncea (Fr.) Hyl. accepted as Carex nigra subsp. juncea (Fr.) Soó
  42. Variety Carex nigra var. juncea (Fr.) Hyl. accepted as Carex nigra subsp. juncea (Fr.) Soó
  43. Variety Carex nigra var. melanantha (C.A.Mey.) Regel accepted as Carex melanantha C.A.Mey.
  44. Variety Carex nigra var. nigra (L.) Reichard accepted as Carex nigra (L.) Reichard
  45. Variety Carex nigra var. orientalis Regel accepted as Carex melanantha C.A.Mey.
  46. Variety Carex nigra var. pirinensis Acht. accepted as Carex parviflora Host
  47. Variety Carex nigra var. recta (F.Fleisch.) Hyl. accepted as Carex nigra subsp. nigra
  48. Variety Carex nigra var. stenocarpa (Kük.) Soó accepted as Carex nigra subsp. nigra
  49. Variety Carex nigra var. strictiformis (L.H.Bailey) Fernald accepted as Carex nigra subsp. nigra
  50. Variety Carex nigra var. androgyna (Peterm.) Soó (uncertain > unassessed)
  51. Variety Carex nigra var. polygama (Peterm.) Soó (uncertain > unassessed)
marine, brackish, fresh, terrestrial
(of Carex acuta var. nigra L.) Linnaeus, C. (1753). Species plantarum, exhibentes plantas rite cognitas ad genera relatas cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas. Vol 2. Salvius, Stockholm., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/358580
page(s): 978 [details] 
Type locality contained in Sweden  
type locality contained in Sweden [details]
Description Rizoma de entrenudos largos, a veces laxamente cespitoso. Tallos 5–50 cm, escábridos en la zona superior, trígonos....  
Description Rizoma de entrenudos largos, a veces laxamente cespitoso. Tallos 5–50 cm, escábridos en la zona superior, trígonos. Hojas 3–6(10) mm de anchura, de longitud igual o menor que los tallos, planas, ásperas en los bordes, ± blandas, glaucas; lígula hasta 4 mm, de ápice subagudo a redondeado; sin antelígula; vainas basales generalmente con limbo desarrollado, de color pardo claro u obscuro con frecuencia brillantes, enteras. Bráctea inferior foliácea, igual, algo menor o rara vez mayor que la inflorescencia, no envainante. Espiga masculina solitaria, de (5)10–30 mm, ocasionalmente con otra de longitud mucho menor en su base, ± fusiforme o cilíndrica; espigas femeninas 2–4, de (7)10–40(50) mm, ocasionalmente alguna andrógina, cilíndricas, densas, distribuidas a lo largo de la parte superior del tallo, generalmente cercanas las unas de las otras, erectas. Glumas masculinas estrechamente oblongas u obovadas, de ápice obtuso o redondeado, raramente agudo, negras con una banda central verde y sin margen escarioso o con uno muy estrecho hacia el ápice; glumas femeninas de menor longitud que los utrículos, ovales, de ápice agudo u obtuso, negruzcas con quilla central verde y generalmente margen escarioso estrecho. Utrículos (1,8)2–3(3,6) × 1–2 mm, erectos o suberectos, de contorno elíptico o suborbicular, comprimidos, papilosos, con los nervios ± perceptibles, aunque en ningún caso muy prominentes, de verdes a negruzcos, ± bruscamente estrechados en un corto pico hasta de 0,3 mm, truncado, papiloso. Aquenios 1,3–1,8 × 0,9–1,6 mm, de contorno elíptico, obovado o suborbicular, lenticulares. 2n = 84, 85, 82–85*, 86*. [details]

Description Plants not cespitose. Culms acutely angled, 10–110 cm, scabrous. Leaves: basal sheaths red-brown; sheaths of proximal...  
Description Plants not cespitose. Culms acutely angled, 10–110 cm, scabrous. Leaves: basal sheaths red-brown; sheaths of proximal leaves glabrous, fronts lacking spots and veins, apex truncate; blades epistomic, 2–4.5 mm wide, adaxially papillose. Inflorescences: proximal bract subequal to inflorescence, 1.5–4 mm wide. Spikes erect; proximal 2–3 spikes pistillate, 1.2–4.2 cm × 3–5 mm, base obtuse or acute; terminal 1–2 spikes staminate. Pistillate scales dark purple-brown or black, shorter than perigynia, apex obtuse, awnless. Perigynia ascending, pale brown with red-brown or black spots on apical 1/2, occasionally black on apical 1/2, 3–9-veined on each face, somewhat flattened, tightly enclosing achenes, stipitate, ellipsoid or obovoid, 2–3.7 × 1.1–2.1 mm, somewhat leathery, dull, base truncate, distended, apex obtuse or rounded, papillose; stipe 0.1–0.3 mm; beak red-brown or black, 0.1–0.2 mm, orifice scabrous. Achenes not constricted, whitish iridescent, base adnate to perigynium. 2n = 83, 84, 85. [details]
Cyperaceae Working Group. (2025). [see How to cite]. Global Cyperaceae Database. Carex nigra (L.) Reichard. Accessed at: https://cyperaceae.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=993791 on 2025-09-12
Date
action
by
2017-05-31 08:37:09Z
created
db_admin
2023-09-05 10:00:04Z
checked
Jiménez-Mejías, Pedro
2024-12-10 11:47:54Z
unchecked
db_admin
2025-03-11 11:19:03Z
changed
Márquez-Corro, José Ignacio

Creative Commons License The webpage text is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License


Nomenclature

original description (of Carex acuta var. nigra L.) Linnaeus, C. (1753). Species plantarum, exhibentes plantas rite cognitas ad genera relatas cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas. Vol 2. Salvius, Stockholm., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/358580
page(s): 978 [details] 

new combination reference Reichard, J. J. (1778). Flora Moeno-Francofurtana, sive enumeratio plantarum indigenarum, quae in agro Francofurtano et vicinia proveniunt. 2.
page(s): 96 [details] 

Other

context source (Introduced species) Frenot, Y.; Chown, S. L.; Whinam, J.; Selkirk, P. M.; Convey, P.; Skotnicki, M.; Bergstrom, D. M. (2005). Biological invasions in the Antarctic: extent, impacts and implications. <em>Biological Reviews.</em> 80(1): 45-72., available online at https://doi.org/10.1017/s1464793104006542 [details] OpenAccess publication

context source (RAS) Frenot, Y.; Chown, S. L.; Whinam, J.; Selkirk, P. M.; Convey, P.; Skotnicki, M.; Bergstrom, D. M. (2005). Biological invasions in the Antarctic: extent, impacts and implications. <em>Biological Reviews.</em> 80(1): 45-72., available online at https://doi.org/10.1017/s1464793104006542 [details] OpenAccess publication

additional source Valdés-Florido, A.; Gómez, I.; Escudero, M.; Maguilla, E.; Luceño, M.; Jiménez-Mejías, P.; Benítez-Benítez, C. (2024). Genomic and ecological insights into phylogeography: the complex history of the widespread herb Carex nigra (Cyperaceae) revisited. <em>Alpine Botany.</em> , available online at https://doi.org/10.1007/s00035-024-00322-y
note: Genomic-based phylogeography of Carex nigra in Europe and the Mediterranean [details] Available for editors  PDF available [request]

 
 Present  Inaccurate  Introduced: alien  Containing type locality 
   

From editor or global species database
Description Rizoma de entrenudos largos, a veces laxamente cespitoso. Tallos 5–50 cm, escábridos en la zona superior, trígonos. Hojas 3–6(10) mm de anchura, de longitud igual o menor que los tallos, planas, ásperas en los bordes, ± blandas, glaucas; lígula hasta 4 mm, de ápice subagudo a redondeado; sin antelígula; vainas basales generalmente con limbo desarrollado, de color pardo claro u obscuro con frecuencia brillantes, enteras. Bráctea inferior foliácea, igual, algo menor o rara vez mayor que la inflorescencia, no envainante. Espiga masculina solitaria, de (5)10–30 mm, ocasionalmente con otra de longitud mucho menor en su base, ± fusiforme o cilíndrica; espigas femeninas 2–4, de (7)10–40(50) mm, ocasionalmente alguna andrógina, cilíndricas, densas, distribuidas a lo largo de la parte superior del tallo, generalmente cercanas las unas de las otras, erectas. Glumas masculinas estrechamente oblongas u obovadas, de ápice obtuso o redondeado, raramente agudo, negras con una banda central verde y sin margen escarioso o con uno muy estrecho hacia el ápice; glumas femeninas de menor longitud que los utrículos, ovales, de ápice agudo u obtuso, negruzcas con quilla central verde y generalmente margen escarioso estrecho. Utrículos (1,8)2–3(3,6) × 1–2 mm, erectos o suberectos, de contorno elíptico o suborbicular, comprimidos, papilosos, con los nervios ± perceptibles, aunque en ningún caso muy prominentes, de verdes a negruzcos, ± bruscamente estrechados en un corto pico hasta de 0,3 mm, truncado, papiloso. Aquenios 1,3–1,8 × 0,9–1,6 mm, de contorno elíptico, obovado o suborbicular, lenticulares. 2n = 84, 85, 82–85*, 86*. [details]

Description Plants not cespitose. Culms acutely angled, 10–110 cm, scabrous. Leaves: basal sheaths red-brown; sheaths of proximal leaves glabrous, fronts lacking spots and veins, apex truncate; blades epistomic, 2–4.5 mm wide, adaxially papillose. Inflorescences: proximal bract subequal to inflorescence, 1.5–4 mm wide. Spikes erect; proximal 2–3 spikes pistillate, 1.2–4.2 cm × 3–5 mm, base obtuse or acute; terminal 1–2 spikes staminate. Pistillate scales dark purple-brown or black, shorter than perigynia, apex obtuse, awnless. Perigynia ascending, pale brown with red-brown or black spots on apical 1/2, occasionally black on apical 1/2, 3–9-veined on each face, somewhat flattened, tightly enclosing achenes, stipitate, ellipsoid or obovoid, 2–3.7 × 1.1–2.1 mm, somewhat leathery, dull, base truncate, distended, apex obtuse or rounded, papillose; stipe 0.1–0.3 mm; beak red-brown or black, 0.1–0.2 mm, orifice scabrous. Achenes not constricted, whitish iridescent, base adnate to perigynium. 2n = 83, 84, 85. [details]
    Definitions

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To Barcode of Life (44 barcodes) 
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (1 publication) (from synonym Vignea vulgaris Fuss)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (348 publications) 
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (5 publications) (from synonym Vignantha vulgaris Schur)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (599 publications) (from synonym Carex vulgaris Fr.)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (8 publications) (from synonym Carex tumida Beilschm.)
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Carex nigra) 
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Carex tumida) (from synonym Carex tumida Beilschm.)
To International Plant Names Index (IPNI) (from synonym Carex acuta var. nigra L.)
To International Plant Names Index (IPNI) (from synonym Carex vulgaris var. communis Meinsh.)
To International Plant Names Index (IPNI) 
To International Plant Names Index (IPNI) (from synonym Carex vulgaris Fr.)
To International Plant Names Index (IPNI) (from synonym Carex tumida Beilschm.)
To International Plant Names Index (IPNI) (from synonym Carex stolonifera subsp. vulgaris O.Schwarz)
To International Plant Names Index (IPNI) (from synonym Carex acuta subsp. nigra (L.) Ehrh.)
To International Plant Names Index (IPNI) (from synonym Vignantha vulgaris Schur)
To International Plant Names Index (IPNI) (from synonym Vignea vulgaris Fuss)
To IUCN Red List (Least Concern) 
To NHMUK collection (Carex nigra (L.) Reichard; Type; NHMUK:ecatalogue:1914435) 
To Plants of the World Online 
To Plants of the World Online (from synonym Vignantha vulgaris Schur)
To Plants of the World Online (from synonym Vignea vulgaris Fuss)
To Plants of the World Online (from synonym Carex vulgaris Fr.)
To Plants of the World Online (from synonym Carex nigra subsp. carpetana C.Vicioso ex Rivas Mart.)
To Plants of the World Online (from synonym Carex acuta var. nigra L.)
To Plants of the World Online (from synonym Carex acuta subsp. nigra (L.) Ehrh.)
To Plants of the World Online (from synonym Carex stolonifera subsp. vulgaris O.Schwarz)
To Plants of the World Online (from synonym Carex fusca var. carpetana C.Vicioso ex Rivas Mart.)
To Plants of the World Online (from synonym Carex vulgaris var. communis Meinsh.)
To Real Jardín Botánico-CSIC (Carex nigra MA-01-00194334 neotype 1) 
To Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (Carex nigra K000960449 isotype 1) 
To Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (Carex nigra K000960450 isotype 1) 
To Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (Carex nigra K000960456 type 1) 
To Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (Carex nigra K000960461 type 1) 
To Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (Carex nigra K000960462 type 1) 
To Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (Carex nigra K000960463 type 1) 
To the Natural History Museum, London (Carex nigra (L.) Reichard BM000057150 type 1) 
To the Natural History Museum, London (Carex nigra (L.) Reichard BM001010963 type 1) 
To the Natural History Museum, London (Carex nigra (L.) Reichard BM001067124 type 1) 
To the Natural History Museum, London (Carex nigra (L.) Reichard BM001067125 type 1) 
To The Plant List (from synonym Carex tumida Beilschm.)
To The Plant List (from synonym Carex nigra var. nigra (L.) Reichard)
From editor or global species database
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